Crisis in Togo: When ECOWAS is Walking on Eggshells

The political crisis that has been shaking Togo for several weeks tests the ability of regional institutions to act firmly and impartially. Faced with escalating tensions, ECOWAS, long criticized for its silence, finally called on the stakeholders for restraint and dialogue. However, this position is causing skepticism and disillusionment within Togolese society, and more broadly among the peoples of the sub-region.

For many observers, ECOWAS’s reaction comes too late and lacks the vigor expected in such circumstances. While the regional organization has condemned the violence and called for dialogue, it struggles to convince of its real desire to defend the interests of the populations rather than those of the leaders in power. According to Doni, a political analyst, “inter-regional and African organizations have shown their limits. There are geostrategic and diplomatic restrictions that make them speak with a lot of restraint.” This caution, or even timidity, fuels a feeling of abandonment among many Togolese.

ECOWAS legitimacy in question

ECOWAS is going through a deep legitimacy crisis. Its action is seen as too flexible, sometimes volatile, and unable of assuming clear positions when it comes to defending fundamental rights. The organization is criticized for not being attentive enough to the peoples, and for maintaining ambiguous ties with the regimes in power. This crisis of confidence has been exacerbated with the departure of several member states (notably those of the AES) and the emergence of new areas of tension, including within the community itself.

In the Togolese case, the organization first issued a statement deemed “cold” during the controversial constitutional revision, before backtracking under pressure from the power. An attitude that raises questions about its ability to represent an ECOWAS “of the peoples” and not of the rulers alone.

Today, the institution appears to be in suspended animation, caught between defending the interests of the populations and preserving regional stability. In the Togolese context, any overly decisive position risks triggering a new wave of secessions or fueling defiance towards the organization, as several countries are facing similar crises. Togo’s proximity to regional mediation processes and its involvement in sensitive regional issues reinforce the community’s caution.

For political analyst Pierre Alavo, “it would be tragic if Togo distanced itself from ECOWAS, especially as other countries are likely to adopt the same behavior at the slightest crisis.”